G97-1341 Landscapes for Shade (Revised April 2003)

The cooling effect of a shade garden in midsummer can be one of life\u27s great pleasures. The combination of shade and dappled sunlight encourages people to stop and enjoy a cool, quiet respite from a busy day. This NebGuide includes information on gardening in the shade

Spatio-temporal patterns of beaked whale echolocation signals in the North Pacific.

At least ten species of beaked whales inhabit the North Pacific, but little is known about their abundance, ecology, and behavior, as they are elusive and difficult to distinguish visually at sea. Six of these species produce known species-specific frequency modulated (FM) echolocation pulses: Baird's, Blainville's, Cuvier's, Deraniyagala's, Longman's, and Stejneger's beaked whales. Additionally, one described FM pulse (BWC) from Cross Seamount, Hawai'i, and three unknown FM pulse types (BW40, BW43, BW70) have been identified from almost 11 cumulative years of autonomous recordings at 24 sites throughout the North Pacific. Most sites had a dominant FM pulse type with other types being either absent or limited. There was not a strong seasonal influence on the occurrence of these signals at any site, but longer time series may reveal smaller, consistent fluctuations. Only the species producing BWC signals, detected throughout the Pacific Islands region, consistently showed a diel cycle with nocturnal foraging. By comparing stranding and sighting information with acoustic findings, we hypothesize that BWC signals are produced by ginkgo-toothed beaked whales. BW43 signal encounters were restricted to Southern California and may be produced by Perrin's beaked whale, known only from Californian waters. BW70 signals were detected in the southern Gulf of California, which is prime habitat for Pygmy beaked whales. Hubb's beaked whale may have produced the BW40 signals encountered off central and southern California; however, these signals were also recorded off Pearl and Hermes Reef and Wake Atoll, which are well south of their known range

Accumulation of Microbial Biomass within Particulate Organic Matter of Aging Golf Greens

Microbial biomass (MB) is a key variable controlling soil organic matter dynamics in soil. Currently, there is little information on the amount and significance of MB in highly managed golf greens. Our objective was to determine the amount and distribution of MB within soil structural components of golf greens and its relationship to the location of organic substrates. During 1996, 47 greens were sampled from 12 golf courses within Nebraska (USA). Microbial biomass, determined as extractable lipid phosphate on field-moist soils, increased linearly with age of green (Y = 19.39 + 3.54x; r2 = 0.87, P = 0.001). In 1997 and 1999, selected greens were resampled and separated into mineral fraction (MF) and particulate organic matter (POM) fraction using a sodium metatungstate (NMT; r = 2.3 g cm-3). Then, POM was separated into light (L-POM) and heavy (H-POM) fractions using NMT (r = 2.0 g cm-3). Amount of MB of whole soil and POM was linearly related to green age (r2 = 0.76 and 0.68, respectively). Amount of MB in MF was not related to green age. The portion of total soil MB associated with POM increased significantly from 25.6% for an 8-yr-old green to 77.8% for a 28-yr-old green. Carbon in fulvic acid and humic acid increased with green age from 0.5 to 1.7 and 0.6 to 2.6 g kg-1 soil, respectively. As humus is a relatively stable form of soil organic matter, we hypothesized that humus accumulation within POM renders both POM and associated MB more resistant to degradation; thus, they accumulate

Protected Areas - Not just for Biodiversity Conservation. The Contributions of Protected Areas to the Economic and Social Development in Bhutan, Costa Rica and Benin

Bhutan, Costa Rica and Benin. Could one possibly imagine more different contexts for a comparative study on protected areas than a coastal West African, a land locked Himalayan and a Mesoamerican mountainous emergent country? In spite of these differences, this book shows that the three countries have many issues in common, that make an assessment of the socio-economic benefits generated by protected areas particularly relevant for scientists, civil society and decision makers. The basic assumption in this book is that a systematic valuation of all the actual economic and social benefits derived by local and national communities from protected areas will shed substantial light on the societal importance of these ecosystems and allow informed public debate as to their conservation. Hence, the authors are rather concerned with tangible economic and social benefits derived from preserved natural ecosystems at local communities but also regional and national levels, here and now. In this respect, this book presents a systematic record and analysis of the contributions of the national parks, biological reserves and community forests to the economic and social development in Costa Rica, Benin and Bhutan. The challenge for the authors is to feed public debates and national policy making processes in nature conservation with concrete data on the actual roles played by these parks, biosphere reserves and community forests in economic and social processes locally, regionally and nationally. In addition to taking stock of the economic benefits and social networks induced by these ecosystems, the book gives a critical attention to the actual distribution of these benefits at different levels and among the stakeholders, questioning therefore their actual and potential contribution to social justice and local economic development.Kingdom of Netherlands, FUNDECOOPERACION, CINPE-UNA-Costa Rica, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests-Bhutan, CEBEDES-BeninCentro Internacional de Política Económica para el Desarrollo Sostenible (CINPE)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de Biologí

Use of relevailles : relevailles and intersectoral collaborations : brief report.

In the interest of population-based responsibility, health and social services establishments (HSSEs) are expected to establish more working partnerships with organismes communautaires Famille (OCF – community-based family organizations). Some OCFs offer a service called ‘relevailles,’ which consists of providing a home-visiting postnatal support program that adapts to the needs of each family, in order to listen, encourage, inform, and support day-to-day organization. The use and impacts of this service, as well as the collaborations surrounding its implementation in local networks of services provided by health and social services establishments, remain largely unknown